Improvement in wheel-cultivators



D. S. BILLIN GS.

Wheel-Cultivator.

Patented Feb. 1, I 1848.

AM. PHDTO-LITHO. C0. N.Y. (OSBORNE'S PROCESS.) 4

ATENT Farce.

DANIEL S. BILLINGS, OF OONNEAUT, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN WHEEL-CULTIVATORS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,429, dated February 1, 1849.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL S. BILLINGS, of the town ofOonneaut, county of Crawford, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Wheel'Gultivators; and I do hereby declare that the following is an exact description of my improvement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification.

Now, my invention consists in extending the principal rails (marked F F in Figure 1) to five feet four inches in length from shoulder to shoulder. On the end of these rails, let onto them by mortise and tenon, are two side rails of elliptic curve, (marked L L) being outside of the wheels. In the center of these curved rails, opposite the ccnterof the axle, are teeth A A, fastened on the hind side by a straight brace extending back and fastening to the under side of the curved rails L L. The middle ot'the oblong frame is to be three feet.

The four center braces are marked G G G G. The two outer braces are let into the fore end of each cross-rail (marked H H) by a mortise and tenon, and crossing the center brace seven inches and ahalf from the inside of the hind rail (marked F F) is let into it by a mortise and tenon.

In each of the places where the braces side each other areteethA, & running up through the braces and fastenedon the upperside with nuts and screws, and supported on the back side by crotched braces, (see Fig. 2.) In each of the outside braces at seven inches and a half from the hind side of the fore rail is a tooth, A, like the others, supported by a crotched brace, one arm fastened upon the under side of the inside rail (marked H H) and the other upon the under side of the brace to which itis attached. Two other teeth (see dotted lines A A) of the same size and form are let through the hind rail (marked F F) directly behind the center of each wheel, supported by acrotched brace, one arm of which is fastened upon the outside rail (marked L L) nearthe end, and the rail (marked L L) and the teeth A, &c., at-

tached to them, the farmer is enabled to plow the earth near a fence, stump, or other permanent obstruction, whereas in all others the wheel runs outside of the frame and prevents the teeth from cutting the earth near such obstruction.

Second, the teeth behind the wheels and following in the track thereof cultivate the earth whereverthe wheels have beaten it down, and leave no trace of said wheels.

Third, placingthe braces crosswise strengthens the frame and permits a reduction in the size of the timbers to three inches by two and a lialf, thereby diminishing the weight ofsaid frame.

Fourth, the placing of the seven teeth in such a position as to be supported by crotched braces.

Fifth, the addition of two teeth to thenumber.

Sixth, the use of stirrups in fastening the axle to the cross-rails.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the foregoing described machine, is-

The elliptic curve on the outside of the wheels, and the use ofa tooth or teeth on each curve opposite the hubs, in combination with the cultivator-frame as constructed.

DANIEL S. BILLINGS. \Vitnesses: I

H. A. BILLINGS, M. A. LEONARD. 

